Rare Plants of South Dakota (2024)

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Adiantum capillus-venerisSouthern Maidenhair-fernG5S1Single occurrence on Cascade Creek of S B Hills.Adiantum pedatumNorthern Maidenhair-fernG5SHLast collected in 1941 from Spearfish Mtn.Adoxa moschatellinaMusk-rootG5S4Higher elevations of the B Hills.Agastache scrophulariifoliaPurple Giant HyssopG4S2Few collections from e SD.Agoseris aurantiacaOrange Mountain-dandelionG5S2Reported from nw Black Hills.Agrimonia pubescensDowny AgrimonyG5SUSingle 1969 collection from Newton Hills.Allium drummondiiDrummond's Wild OnionG5SUReported from Shannon Co.Anemone quinquefoliaWood AnemoneG5S2Known from 4 forests in ne SD.Antennaria dimorphaDwarf puss*toesG5SUTwo collections from the Black Hills.Arabis canadensisSicklepodG5S2Rich forests of e SD.Aralia racemosaAmerican SpikenardG4G5S3Rich forests of e SD.Aristida longespicaSlimspike ThreeawnG5S2Sandy soils along Missouri RiverAsarum canadenseWild-gingerG5S2Known from 2 forests in ne SD.Asclepias lanuginosaWooly MilkweedG4?S2Few recent collections from e SD prairies.Asclepias sullivantiiPrairie MilkweedG5SHFew collections from 1950's & 60s in se SD.Asplenium trichomanesMaidenhair SpleenwortG5S3S4Moist granite outcrops of cent B Hills.Asplenium virideGreen SpleenwortG4S3Limestone outcrops & soil of n B Hills.Aster pauciflorusMarsh Alkali AsterG4SHLast collected in 1959 in nw SD.Aster pubentiorFlattop AsterG5S2S3Fens & seepage areas of e SD.Astragalus americanusRattlepodG5S3Forested riparian zones of B Hills.Astragalus barriiBarr's MilkvetchG3S3Regional endemic including sw SD.Astragalus kentrophytaSpiny MilkvetchG5SHLast collected in 1920 from W SD.Astragalus hyalinusSummer OrophacaG4S2S3Recently documented in sw SD.Astragalus miserA Milk-vetchG5SHSingle collection from B Hills in 1895.Astragalus mollissimusWooly LocoweedG5SHSingle 1924 collection from SW SD.Botrychium campestrePrairie MoonwortG3G4S2S3Native grasslands of the B Hills & e SD.Botrychium gallicomontanumFrenchman's Bluff MoonwortG1S1Limestone grasslands of the B Hills.Botrychium lineareSlender MoonwortGNRS1Native grasslands of the s B Hills.Botrychium lunariaMoonwort Grape-fernG5S1S2Black Hills meadows & grasslands.Botrychium matricariifoliumMatricary Grape-fernG5S1Rarely collected in e SD & B Hills.Botrychium multifidumLeathery Grape-fernG5S1Black Elk Peak area of the B Hills.Botrychium pallidumPale MoonwortG3S2S3Black Hills meadows & grasslands.Botrychium simplexLeast Grape-fernG5S4B Hills meadows & e SD sand prairie.Bupleurum americanumAmerican ThorowaxG5S12006 discovery in Cathedral Spires of B Hills.Cacalia plantagineaIndian PlantainG4G5SRReported but unverified in ne SD.Calypso bulbosaFairy Slipper OrchidG5S3Spruce forests of higher B Hills.Cardamine concatenataToothwortG5S2Few occurrences in forests of e SD.Carex aggregataClustered SedgeG5SHLast collected near Pickerel Lk in 1966.Carex alopecoideaTawny SedgeG5S2S3Wetland margins of e SD & B Hills.Carex athrostachyaJointed-spike SedgeG5S1Single recent collection from cent B Hills.Carex bellaElegant SedgeG5S1Few occurrences in Black Elk Peak area.Carex brunnescensBrownish SedgeG5SULast collected in 1975 from Black Elk Peak area.Carex canescensGray SedgeG5S2Spruce wetlands of higher B HillsCarex capillarisHair SedgeG5S3Moist B Hills habitats & historically in ne SD.Carex concinnaLow Northern SedgeG4G5S3S4Uncommonly collected in Black Hills.Carex intumescensSwollen SedgeG5S3Few occurrences in Black Elk Peak area.Carex lacustrisLake SedgeG5S4?Fens & fresh water wetlands of s & ne SD.Carex leptaleaDelicate SedgeG5S3Forested wetlands of higher B HillsCarex occidentalisWestern SedgeG4S2Few occurrences in Black Elk area.Carex pedunculataLong-stalked SedgeG5S4?Deciduous forests of B Hills and ne SD.Carex rupestrisCurly SedgeG5S1Last collected in Black Elk Peak area, 1983.Carex sparganioidesBur SedgeG5SHLast collected in 1928 from forests in se SD.Carex tribuloidesBlunt-broom SedgeG5S1Single 1992 collection from B Hills springhead wetland.Carex vagin*taSheathed SedgeG5S1Discovered in 2009 in Centrail Black Hills.Carex vesicariaInflated SedgeG5SHSingle 1962 collection from NE SD.Carex viridulaLittle Green SedgeG5S1Fen habitats of ne SD & historically in B Hills.Caulophyllum thalictroidesBlue CohoshG4G5S3Rich forests of e SD.Ceanothus fendleriFendler's WhitethornG5S2Locallized in sw Black Hills.Chaenactis douglasiiDouglas' Dusty MaidenG5SUWestern species found in nw SD.Chenopodium subglabrumSmooth GoosefootG3G4S2Rarely collected from sand prairies of w SD.Chrysothamnus parryiParry's Rabbit-bushG5SUReported for sw SD, no specimens.Cinna arundinaceaStout WoodreedG5SHLast reported in 1920 from forests of se SD.Clematis hirsutissimaSugar BowlsG4S2Uncommon in grasslands of sw SD.Corallorhiza odontorhizaAutumn Coral-rootG5SUCollected once in 1971 from n B Hills.Corallorhiza trifidaPale Coral-rootG5S3S4Cool, moist forests at higher elevations of the B Hills.Coreopsis palmataFinger CoreopsisG5S3Uncommon in prairies of se SD.Cornus amomumPale DogwoodG5SUFew collections from se SD floodplain forests.Cryptantha canaSilver-mounded CandleflowerG5S2Regional endemic extending into sw SD.Cryptantha jamesiiJames'CandleflowerG5T5?S1Rediscovered in 2004 in SW SD.Cryptogramma acrostichoidesAmerican Rock-brakeG5S1Single collection in 1994 from n Hills rock outcrops.Cypripedium candidumSmall White Lady's-slipperG4S1Few occurrences in prairies of ne SD.Cypripedium parviflorumYellow Lady's-slipperG5S3S4Forests of B Hills and ne SD.Cystopteris bulbiferaBulbil Bladder FernG5S1Single known occurrence in ne SD.Dalea cylindricepsAndean Prairie CloverG3G4SHSingle collection in 1926 from SW SD.Danthonia californicaCalifornia OatgrassG5S1Rare in Black Hills montane meadows.Deschampsia cespitosaTufted HairgrassG5S3Black Hills wet meadows at higher elevations.Diarrhena americanaAmerican BeakgrainG4?SHSingle collection along Big Sioux River in 1958.Disporum hookeriDrops of goldG5S2S3Aspen/birch and mixed forests of n B Hills.Dryopteris carthusianaSpinulose Shield FernG5S1Single 1993 collection from central B Hills.Echinocereus viridiflorusHedgehog CactusG5S3Native grasslands of s Black Hills.Elaeagnus commutataSilverberryG5S1Barely enters n SD, formerly of B Hills.Eleocharis rostellataBeaked SpikerushG5S1Single known occurrence on Cascade Creek.Eleocharis tenuisSlender SpikerushG5S1Single known occurrence on Minnechaduza Ck.Elymus diversiglumisInterrupted WildryeG3G4QSHLast collected in 1969 from woodlands of B Hills.Epipactis giganteaStream OrchidG3G4S1Single known occurrence on Cascade Creek.Equisetum scirpoidesDwarf Scouring RushG5S3S4Black Hills riparian forests at higher elevations.Equisetum variegatumVariegated Scouring RushG5S1Few occurrences in Black Hills.Eragrostis trichodesSand LovegrassG5S4?Uncommon in sandhills of s-cent SD.Erigeron acrisBitter FleabaneG5SHThree historical collections from wet meadows in s B Hills.Erigeron ochroleucusBuff FleabaneG5S3S4Few collections from B Hills hogback ridge.Eriogonum visheriDakota BuckwheatG3S3Badland outcrops of w SD, sw ND & se MT.Eriophorum gracileSlender CottongrassG5S1Rare in fens of SD.Eriophorum polystachionTall CottongrassG5S3S4Fens of e SD and the Black Hills.Erythronium albidumWhite Fawn LilyG5S1Single occurrence in se SD forest.Euphorbia fendleriFendler's SpurgeG5S3S4Few collections from Mt Mahogany stands of s B Hills.Eustoma exaltatumTulip GentainG5S1Single recent occurrence in s B Hills.Fimbristylis autumnalisSlender FimbryG5SHReported but unverified in se SD.Gentiana affinisNorthern GentianG5S2S3Montane meadows of B Hills and ne SD.Gentiana puberulentaDowny GentianG4G5S4?Prairies of e SD & disjunct in B Hills.Gentianopsis proceraSmall Fringed GentianG5S2Fens of e SD.Geranium maculatumWild CranesbillG5S1Rich forests of e SD.Gymnocladus dioicusKentucky Coffee-treeG5S2Few native stands in forests of se SD.Haplopappus multicaulisBranched GoldenweedG4S3S4Regional endemic of seleniferous soils.Ipomopsis longifloraWhite-flowered GiliaG5S2Barely entering sandhills of s SD.Ipomopsis spicataSpike GilaG5S4?Uncommon in w SD.Isoetes melanopodaBlack-footed QuillwortG5SHSingle 1924 specimen from Mellette Co. wetland.Isopyrum biternatumFalse Rue AnemoneG5SHSingle historical report from cent SD.Juglans nigraBlack WalnutG5S4?Few native stands in forests of se SD.Juncus alpinoarticulatusAlpine RushG5S3S4Permanent wet meadow habitat with fresh water.Juncus articulatusJointed RushG5S1B Hills wet meadows, historically from ne SD.Juncus canadensisCanada RushG5S1Single known occurrence in s-cent SD.Juncus marginatusMargined RushG5S1Sandy wet meadows of s-cent SD.Lactuca floridanaWoodland Wild Blue LettuceG5S2Rare in forests of se SD.Lechea intermediaPinweedG5SHLast collected in 1965.Ledum groenlandicumLabrador TeaG5SXSingle 1931 collection from n Black Hills.Lespedeza capitataBush CloverG5S2Uncommon in prairies of se SD.Lesquerella arenosa var. argillosaSidesaddle BladderpodG5T3S3Regional endemic of badlands in sw SD.Lesquerella montanaMountain BladderpodG5S1S2Reported for s Black Hills.Leucophysalis grandifloraWhite GroundcherryG4?SXSeveral historical collections from Spearfish Canyon.Lewisia pygmaeaAlpine BitterrootG5S1S2Montane meadows of the Black Hills.Liatris pycnostachyaCattail GayfeatherG5S1Rare in ne SD.Lilium canadense ssp. michiganenseTurk's Cap LilyG5S1Rare in tallgrass prairies of e SD.Liparis loeseliiLoesel's TwaybladeG5S1S2Rare in fens of e SD.Listera convallarioidesBroad-lipped TwaybladeG5S1Few occurrences in springhead wetlands of n B Hills.Lithophragma glabrumBulbus Woodland StarG4G5S1S2Montane meadows of the Black Hills.Lithospermum carolinienseHairy PuccoonG4G5S4?Sandhills of s SD, historically from B Hills.Lithospermum latifoliumAmerican GromwellG4S1Single known occurrence in ne SD.Lobelia kalmiiKalm's LobeliaG5S2Calcareous fens of ne SD.Lomatium nuttalliiNuttall's Desert-parsleyG3SHSingle 1926 collection from s Black Hills.Luzula acuminataHairy WoodrushG5S2S3Restricted to boreal forest types of n B Hills.Luzula parvifloraSmall-flowered WoodrushG5S2S3Few collections in the n B Hills.Lycopodium annotinumBristly ClubmossG5S1Few occurrences in n Black Hills.Lycopodium complanatumGround CedarG5S2Few occurrences in n Black Hills.Lysimachia quadrifloraPrairie LoosestrifeG5?S1Apparently restircted to sandhills of n-cent SD.Melica bulbosaOniongrassG5S1Single 1991 collection from n Black Hills.Menyanthes trifoliataBog BuckbeanG5S1Two recent sites known, two historical sites destroyed.Mertensia ciliataStreamside BluebellsG5S1Few collections from riparian zones in w SD.Microseris nutansNodding Silver-puffsG5S1Only 3 collected from NW SD.Mitella pentandraFive-point Bishop's CapG5?S1Few occurrences in n Black Hills.Monarda pectinataPony BeebalmG5SHSingle 1924 collection from Todd Co.Monotropa unifloraIndian PipeG5S1Rare in forests of eastern SD.Myriophyllum heterophyllumWater MilfoilG5S1Two historical & 1recent collection from Brookings Co.Navarretia intertexta var. propinquaGreat Basin NavarretiaG5T5SHTwo historical collection from Harding Co.Nymphaea odorataWhite Water-lilyG5S1Rare in SE SD.Oenothera flavaYellow Evening PrimroseG5S1Historically known but few recent finds in w SD.Oenothera rhombipetalaFourpoint Evening PrimroseG4G5S4?Barely entering sandhills of s SD.Orobanche unifloraOne-flowered BroomrapeG5S2Rarely collected from ne Black Hills.Oxyria digynaMountain SorrelG5S2Localized in Black Elk Peak area of B Hills.Panax quinquefoliusAmerican GinsengG3G4S1Single known occurrence in se SD.Parnassia glaucaWaxy Bog-starG5S3Calcareous fens of ne SD.Parnassia palustrisNorthern Bog-starG5S1Single occurrence in fen of n-cent SD.Pedicularis proceraLong-leaved LousewortG4G5S2Localized near Deerfield in mixed forest & clearings.Penstemon nitidusShining PenstemonG5S2Few occurrences on buttes of nw SD.Petasites sagittatusSweet-coltsfootG5S2Localized in streamside wetland habitats of n B Hills.Phacelia linearisThreadleaf PhaceliaG5SUFew reports from sandy soils near the B Hills.Phleum alpinumAlpine TimothyG5SUHigher elevations of the cent & n B Hills.Phlox divaricataWoodland Blue PhloxG5SXHistorically collected in forests of se SD.Physaria brassicoidesRydberg's TwinpodG5S3Regional endemic in W SD.Picradeniopsis woodhouseiBahiaG4G5SUTwo 1967 collections from w SD.Pinus contortaLodgepole PineG5S2Single stand near Nahant & scattered trees elsewhere in n B Hills.Pinus flexilisLimber PineG5S1Localized in Black Elk Peak area of B Hills.Platanthera dilatataNorthern White OrchidG5S1Rare in wetland habitats of the n B Hills.Platanthera orbiculataRound-leaved OrchidG5S3Forested habitats of the n Black Hills.Platanthera praeclaraWestern Prairie Fringed OrchidG2SHLast collected in e SD in 1916.LTPoa rupicolaTimberline BluegrassG5T3T5S1Single known occurrence on Black Elk Peak.Poa sylvestrisSylvan BluegrassG5SHSingle 1959 collection from ne SD.Polanisia jamesiiJames' ClammyweedG5S4?Sandy habitats of s-cent & sw SD.Polygala sanguineaBlood MilkwortG5SUReported for SD but no specimens located.Polypodium virginianumRock PolypodyG5S1Few occurrences on quartzite outcrops of se SD.Polystichum lonchitisNorthern Holly-fernG5S2S3Moist forested habitats of n Black Hills.Polystichum munitumWestern Sword FernG5SHSingle collection from n B Hills in 1967.Potamogeton amplifoliusLarge-leaf PondweedG5S1Historically in calm, fresh water of e SD, only 2 recent reports.Potamogeton vagin*tusSheathed PondweedG5SHLast observed in Blue Dog Lake in 1962.Prenanthes albaWhite Rattlesnake RootG5S2Restricted to forests of ne SD.Prenanthes asperaRough Rattlesnake-rootG4?S2Uncommon in prairies of e SD.Psoralea linearifoliaSlimleaf ScurfpeaG4?SUTwo historical and one 1971 report in w SD grasslands.Pyrola pictaWhite-veined WintergreenG4G5S3S4Higher elevation forests of the n B Hills.Pyrola unifloraOne-flower WintergreenG5S2S3Mature spruce forests of the n B Hills.Pyrus ioensisIowa Crab-appleG4G5SUReported for woodlands of se SD, no vouchers yet found.Rhamnus alnifoliaAlder BuckthornG5SHTwo historical collections from n B Hills.Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. leedyiLeedy's RoserootG5T1S1Single occurrence on granite in the central Black Hills.LTRhynchospora capillaceaSlender BeakrushG4S2Fens of ne SD, historically from s-cent SD.Salix candidaSage WillowG5S1Fens of ne SD, single disjunct occurrence in B Hills.Salix humilisPrairie WillowG5S1Presently only known from sand prairie of n-cent SD.Salix lucidaShining WillowG5S1Single recent collection from cent B Hills.Salix serissimaAutumn WillowG4S1Saturated, organic soils of n Black Hills.Sanguinaria canadensisBloodrootG5S4?Forests of e SD & disjunct in B Hills.Saxifraga cernuaNodding SaxifrageG4S1Moist sites at higher elevations of B Hills.Saxifraga occidentalisWestern SaxifrageG5S2Few collections from n Black Hills.Scrophularia marilandicaMaryland FigwortG5SHLast collected from prairie in se SD in 1960.Senecio spartioides var. spartioidesBroom GroundselG5T5S2Uncommonly collected in SW SD.Silphium integrifoliumEntire-leaf RosinweedG5SURecently rediscovered in se SD.Silphium laciniatumCompass PlantG5S3Tallgrass prairies of se SD.Smilax ecirrataUpright Carrion-flowerG5?SHLast collected in 1965 in se SD forest.Solidago riddelliiRiddell's GoldenrodG5S1Rare in fens of E SD.Solidago velutinaThree-nerved GoldenrodG5?SUFew scattered collections from w SD & BH's.Sorbus scopulinaWestern Mountain AshG5S3S4Localized in the n Black Hills.Sparganium emersumGreen-fruited Bur ReedG5S1Rare in Ne SD wetlands.Spiraea albaMeadowsweetG5S3Prairies & wet meadows of e SD. Historically in BH's.Spiranthes cernuaNodding Ladies' TressesG5S2Few occurrences in prairies of ne SD.Spiranthes magnicamporumGreat Plains Ladies' TressesG4S3Prairie swales & meadows in e & s-cent SD.Spiranthes vernalisTwisted Ladies' TressesG5S2Moist meadows in southeastern most SD.Stachys tenuifoliaSmooth Hedge-nettleG5SUSingle collection in 1989 from floodplain in se SD.Stipa robustaSleepy GrassG5S3S4Uncommon grass of the s Black Hills.Taenidia integerrimaYellow PimpernellG5SHLast collected in 1883 from cent SD.Thelesperma megapotamicumHopi-teaG5S3S4Coarse soiled prairies of sw SD.Thelypteris palustrisMarsh FernG5S1Three known occurrences in fen habitatsTownsendia exscapaEaster DaisyG5S4?Uncommon in grasslands of western SD.Townsendia grandifloraLargeflower Townsend-daisyG4?S3S4Grasslands of sw SD.Townsendia hookeriHooker's Townsend-daisyG5S3Sparse grassland & barren substrates of sw SD.Trifolium beckwithiiBeckwith CloverG4G5S1Prairie swales & meadows in ne SD.Trillium cernuumNodding TrilliumG5S2Rich forests of ne SD.Trillium flexipesDeclining TrilliumG5SUReported for SD but no specimens located.Trillium nivaleSnow TrilliumG4S2Rich forests of se SD.Triplasis purpureaPurple SandgrassG4G5SUSand prairie & dunes of s SD.Tripterocalyx micranthusSand PuffsG5S1S2Sand prairie & blowouts of nw SD.Ulmus thomasiiRock ElmG5SHLast collected in 1960 from forest in se SD.Utricularia minerLesser BladderwortG5S2Rare in fens of ne SD.Uvularia grandifloraLarge-flowered BellwortG5S3S4Rich forests of e SD.Uvularia sessilifoliaSmall-flowered BellwortG5S4Last collected in 1894 from se SD forest.Vaccinium macrocarponWild CranberryG4S1Recently discovered in Black Hills acid fen.Vaccinium membranaceumMountain HuckleberryG5S2Restricted to forests in Lead/Deadwood area.Veronicastrum virginicumCulver's RootG4S1Mesic prairie of se SD.Viburnum eduleSquashberryG5S3Cool, moist forests of Spearfish Ck watershed.Viola selkirkiiGreat-spurred VioletG5?S2S3Moist forests at higher elevations of the B Hills.Xylorhiza glabriusculaWoody AsterG4S3S4Seleniferous soils of sw SD.Zizania aquaticaWild RiceG5S2Slow streams & lake bays of e SD.